The Explanations and the Message

The Official Website of Grand Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi

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Wali- Waali- Maula- Hafiz- Hafeez- Raqeeb-MohaiyminMaalik- Malik- Haakim- Hakeem- Rabb

Malik, Maalik, Maleek, all originate from the word “Mulk”. According to the author of Maqayis-ol-Lughata it is the proof of God’s might because the wealthy and those who rule are regarded as people with power and might. Raghib in Mafuradat feels that the word, “Malik” is used for the person who expresses and preaches goodness and prevents people from evil.

It is mostly used for political power though Malik is connected with wealth.

For some Maalik is more composed than Malik because every owner is the authority of the thing owned but it is not necessary that every Malik is Maalik. (1)

Some say that Maalik or the owner can use those that he owns in way he likes and the slave cannot leave him on his own accord but the subjects have the right to migrate from the rule of any ruler. (2) But when these two words are used for God it means total ownership and authority and that is God. Kafa’mi writes in Misbah, “It is God who ownership and rule includes everyone and all His dos and don’ts are imperative for everyone. He is needless of everything living and every living creature is dependent on Him. (3)

The pointed to be noted is that the cause of ownership and rule is the power to create just the true creator is only God.

The origin of the word Haakim is Hakam. According to Maqayis-ol-Lughata it means “to prevent” and the first meaning is the prevention from oppression. Hakeem or the wise is so called because he has the power that stops him from doing something wrong.

This word is used for God in the sense that he prevents his creations in the spiritual as well as the manifest world from wrong.

Since this word denotes the knowledge of God it will be taken as His inherent attribute. It is then connected with the creation of things in the best possible manner so it will be considered as the attribute of deed. (Reflect)

According to the Book At-Attahqeeq the difference between Hakeem, Hakim and Hakam is because of the emanation of one word from the other. Hakeem is the3 one from whom the command comes forth, Hakim is the one who promulgates the command and Hakam has the same meaning but with one with capacity of stability.

Ibn Athir in Nihaya says that Hakam and Hakeem as the names of God mean Hakam and then he enumerates other meanings as follow:

He who creates the things in the best possible manner.

He who is aware of the best things in the best manner.

He who prevent others from doing things in the wrong manner.

Rabb: As we have already seen this word as a truthful and unique meaning that is very vast and so are its applications. The best meaning as in Mafuradat is to arrange, and take some thing to perfection. It is also used for, correction, management, ownership, rulership, welfare, knowledge and sustenance.

According to Lisan-ol-Arab it means the pure existence of God, the owner, the lord, the arranger, the highest, the guardian and the beneficent.

According Misbah Kafa’mi “Rabb’ actually means nurturing and the development in stage for perfection. This is also used as a hyperbole. Then there are four other opinions about it as follows:

Malik (owner), Sayyid (Lord), Muddabbir (designer), and Murabbi (the guardian). It is also used to denote the owner of the house like in verse 41 of Surah Yusuf that says, “One among you two will serve wine to his Lord”. The word Rabbaniyun and Rabaib are used to denote the step children from the wife’s early marriage. It seems all these meanings are connected to upbringing and nurturing.

It is now clears from the above verses that these five attributes, Maalik, Malik, Hakeem, Hakim and Rabb are attributes of deeds and they are attached to the meetings of the “Wise’ being interdependent.

The Lordship of God is not separate from His ownership and rulership for they are both connected to it.

To pay heed to these attributes and to believe in them results in the nurturing and is a message espe3cially because these names are the attributes of God. His ownership will make us feel that we are the safe keepers of the wealth we have on behalf of God and behave as per His commands. Belief in His rulership will keep us away from abetting the evil forces.

 


 

1. Tafsir Majmaul Bayan vol.1 page 23.
2. This difference has been mentioned by Fakhr Razi in his Tafsir.
3. Misbah of Kafa’mi page 318

 

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